¹Then I returned and saw all the oppressions that are done under the sun: and, behold, the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power; but they had no comforter.

¹ثم رجعت ورأيت كل المظالم التي تجرى تحت الشمس فهوذا دموع المظلومين ولا معزّ لهم ومن يد ظالميهم قهر. اما هم فلا معزّ لهم.

²Wherefore I praised the dead that have been long dead more than the living that are yet alive;

²فغبطت انا الاموات الذين قد ماتوا منذ زمان اكثر من الاحياء الذين هم عائشون بعد

³yea, better than them both [did I esteem] him that hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun.

³وخير من كليهما الذي لم يولد بعد الذي لم ير العمل الرديء الذي عمل تحت الشمس

⁴Then I saw all labor and every skilful work, that for this a man is envied of his neighbor. This also is vanity and a striving after wind.

⁴ورأيت كل التعب وكل فلاح عمل انه حسد الانسان من قريبه. وهذا ايضا باطل وقبض الريح.

⁵The fool foldeth his hands together, and eateth his own flesh.

⁵الكسلان ياكل لحمه وهو طاو يديه.

⁶Better is a handful, with quietness, than two handfuls with labor and striving after wind.

⁶حفنة راحة خير من حفنتي تعب وقبض الريح

⁷Then I returned and saw vanity under the sun.

⁷ثم عدت ورأيت باطلا تحت الشمس.

⁸There is one that is alone, and he hath not a second; yea, he hath neither son nor brother; yet is there no end of all his labor, neither are his eyes satisfied with riches. For whom then, [saith he], do I labor, and deprive my soul of good? This also is vanity, yea, it is a sore travail.

⁸يوجد واحد ولا ثاني له وليس له ابن ولا اخ ولا نهاية لكل تعبه ولا تشبع عينه من الغنى. فلمن اتعب انا واحرم نفسي الخير. هذا ايضا باطل وامر رديء هو.

⁹Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their labor.

⁹اثنان خير من واحد لان لهما اجرة لتعبهما صالحة.

¹⁰For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him that is alone when he falleth, and hath not another to lift him up.

¹⁰لانه ان وقع احدهما يقيمه رفيقه. وويل لمن هو وحده ان وقع اذ ليس ثان ليقيمه.

¹¹Again, if two lie together, then they have warmth; but how can one be warm [alone]?

¹¹ايضا ان اضطجع اثنان يكون لهما دفء. اما الوحد فكيف يدفأ.

¹²And if a man prevail against him that is alone, two shall withstand him; and a threefold cord is not quickly broken.

¹²وان غلب احد على الواحد يقف مقابله الاثنان والخيط المثلوث لا ينقطع سريعا

¹³Better is a poor and wise youth than an old and foolish king, who knoweth not how to receive admonition any more.

¹³ولد فقير وحكيم خير من ملك شيخ جاهل الذي لا يعرف ان يحذر بعد.

¹⁴For out of prison he came forth to be king; yea, even in his kingdom he was born poor.

¹⁴لانه من السجن خرج الى الملك والمولود ملكا قد يفتقر.

¹⁵I saw all the living that walk under the sun, that they were with the youth, the second, that stood up in his stead.

¹⁵رأيت كل الاحياء السائرين تحت الشمس مع الولد الثاني الذي يقوم عوضا عنه.

¹⁶There was no end of all the people, even of all them over whom he was: yet they that come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and a striving after wind.

¹⁶لا نهاية لكل الشعب لكل الذين كان امامهم. ايضا المتأخرون لا يفرحون به. فهذا ايضا باطل وقبض الريح